Steps in Planning of building

P L A N N I N G

Planning word is an important word in the life of every human-being for his every walk of life . Planning is the significance and related to various operations or mode of operations to complete the work in a systematic way in minimum time with comfortable conditions for man and his mental and physical comforts . It may be planning to get ready before departing to office . It may be – planning to study throughout the months to appear in examination . In the same way it may be the planning of a building , or a town where man lives and performs his various functions . A building is not only for man but for his family members , his relatives and visitors who are visiting there . Before going to the depth of subject one must study the composition . A composition is the assembly of various forms having one dimension or two dimensions or composition of dimension less form but it has always full significance and full meaning . For example – when a sentence which expresses complete meaning it is close by a point and this point is dimensionless  but back ground and contrast are very important and to its existence and importance for sentence . This point acts as a point of attraction or focal point for people . Similarly it is used in the field of composition as well as in architecture where size may be large and its dimension can be measured . This can be molded as the point of attraction or focal point . For this focal various materials , colour and texture can be used to make it more attractive for man to get mental  comfort . When such points are combined together they will create formal or informal lines which express only one dimension i.e. length . These lines help a man to express his various thoughts . Each line is important because it convey some meaning .For example a composition of small and large line which express the sense of right similarly cross of two lines express the sense of wrong and haphazard lines express confusion . The mental state of unconscious man can be read by means of lines which are drawn by his fingers .

A composition has only two dimensions which can be drawn on horizontal plain or on vertical plain . In architectural planning first part is plan which is the composition of various forms which is the composition of various forms which have two dimensions only i.e. length and width . If some one is good in making composition by using various forms which must give the sense of mental and physical comfort to man for performing various functions will term as a good planning . This composition on horizontal plain is termed as PLAN . It is expressing the area of various forms to perform various functions and here one must observe circulation  and inter-circulation which will make , performance of function in a comfortable conditions . Now it must be correlated with third dimension i.e. height for sense of volume in terms of volume of air . This volume of air is very important with respect to number of ayr changes per hour and nature of light to create comfortable conditions to perform various functions . When this composition is drawn on vertical plain is termed as ELEVATION  of the composition which is drawn on horizontal plain .These two compositions will give the complete sense of volume to perform a function in a comfortable conditions . This is termed as planning of building where one must care about each form that it must follow “ The form follows the function “ . This will help to improve the planning aspect of the required problem . For example – Plana building of single bed room for an officer having salary Rs.80000.00 per month with utility of roof terrace “ .

One must solve it step by step as follow to get a better results to perform the functions in a comfortable conditions .

1-Step- Make the through study of climatic conditions . Here let us assume average climatic conditions .

2-Step- Study the counters of land . Here assume land is plain .

3-Step- Study the road patterns near by the plot . Here  assume that there are proper road pattern and proper system of drainage through open drains as well as close drains

4-step- Is there a proper lay out of horticulture .

5-Step- Write down various requirements .

A-     Bedroom with proper arrangements to store dresses and other important things . There must be a study table and relaxing chair .

B-      One toilet with all possible arrangements for various functions including changing area .

C-      Box room or a small store.

D-     Kitchen which must be handled by servant , so must have separate entry .

E-      Drawing com dinning area .

F-      Entrance point from gate / road .

G-     Some open area out side the building for landscape .

H-     Staircase to go to roof .

6-Step- Draw the circulation diagram . It will help to understand the relative importance of functional utility of different functional areas . Circulation diagram is as follow -

         

7-Step- Decide the area of different functional areas .As-

A.      Staircase 10sq.m. to 12sq.m.

B.      Box room 6sq.m. to 7sq.m.

C.      Toilet 5sq.m. to 6sq.m.

D.      Bed room 25sq.m. 27sq.m.

E.       Kitchen 5sq.m. to 7sq.m.

F.       Dinning area 6sq.m. to 7sq.m.

G.     Drawing area 30sq.m.

H.      Entrance lobby 5sq.m. to 7sq.m.

I.        There must be sufficient glass windows to get view from inside to out side

Here dimensions are correlated with actual functional areas and structural areas .

8-Step- Selection of form of various requirements under the concept of “ Form Follows The Functions”. In general  a square form or a rectangular form is quite justified but here drawing can be a part of hexgon and stair -ase block can be oval shape which may help to create some interest by means of contrast .This form will speak its functions . With this spade work now prepare the composition on horizontal plain i.e. PLAN of proposed building . This drawing can be on any scale but generally it is prepared on 1:100 scale .

9- Step- Dream the composition of this horizontal composition  i.e. plan on vertical plain which will be ELEVATION . When composition on vertical plain is under process one must careful to incorporate the amount of air , direct and indirect sun light , number of air changes and view required as per the basic requirement of the function or functions . This will create the external composition for man and his mental and physical comforts . By this one can find out the sizes of windows  required and various external surface areas required to apply colour and texture . This as shown in following figure –

10-Step- Now solve the structure after considering the dead load of building governing with various building materials and live loads depending on the functions and other things . Add all possible loads as natural load like wind load , earthquake effects , ground water lavel , soil conditions etc .

11-Step- Prepare all possible working drawing and prepare write up to explain aims and objects of project and creators thoughts . As much as possible explin all possible drawings to show details during construction .

12-Step- Prepare site plan relative position and relation of out side space with inner space .

13-Step- Further think about modification of the composition by which its appearance can be improved for the comforts of man .

14-Step- Make the proper selection of new and old materials and their colours , patterns and texture .